The recent spells of rain in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh and the expected Northeast monsoon through November and December have raised familiar health concerns: high humidity, damp homes, and stagnant water create conditions that can aggravate respiratory illness, trigger fungal infections, and spread waterborne diseases. Doctors outline practical ways to stay safe during this season.
Mould and respiratory health
Persistent dampness allows mould to grow on walls and ceilings, releasing spores that irritate the airways. “Prolonged exposure can worsen asthma and allergies, especially in children and those with respiratory conditions,” says Surendran R., consultant, infectious diseases, SIMS Hospital, Chennai. He advises keeping homes dry and well-ventilated.
Sindhu V., senior consultant – pulmonology, SRM Global Hospitals, Chennai, notes that poorly-ventilated spaces can trigger sinus infections and aggravate asthma. “Fix leaks promptly, ensure airflow, and clean damp areas with disinfectants,” she says.
According to Madhumitha R., senior consultant, infectious diseases, MGM Healthcare, Chennai, mould spores can cause allergic rhinitis and wheezing, particularly in people with lung disease. “Maintaining indoor humidity below 50% and ensuring cross-ventilation are effective controls,” she says.
Paediatrician Aparna G. of Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Chennai, adds that even dampness without visible mould can worsen cough and wheeze in children. “Daily cleaning, avoiding carpets and curtains, and exposing bedding to sunlight help reduce moisture,” she says.
Fungal infections and foot hygiene
Constant dampness and closed footwear during the rainy season increase the risk of fungal infections. “Wet footwear and sweaty socks lead to infections between the toes and around the nails,” says Dr. Surendran. “Dry feet thoroughly and use antifungal dusting powder before wearing shoes.”
Dr. Madhumitha cautions that untreated fungal infections can lead to cellulitis in diabetics. “Foot care must be part of daily hygiene. Even minor cracks can allow severe bacterial infections to develop,” she says.
Dr. Sindhu recommends wearing breathable shoes, changing socks regularly, and seeking medical help if redness or itching persists. Dr. Aparna G adds: “Wear slippers in public showers, keep nails trimmed, and avoid sharing towels or nail clippers.”
Impact of humidity
High humidity can worsen respiratory and joint-related ailments. “Asthma and COPD symptoms become more severe, and arthritis patients may feel increased stiffness,” says Dr. Surendran. “People with diabetes are also at higher risk of fungal and bacterial infections.” Dr. Sindhu advises staying active, keeping air circulation indoors, and maintaining hydration to ease symptoms.
For children with asthma, Dr. Aparna recommends taking the influenza booster before the monsoon, using prescribed inhalers, and maintaining a balanced diet with fresh fruits and fluids.
Contaminated water
Flooding and water stagnation bring additional risks. “Leptospirosis is a major concern during the monsoon,” says Dr. Surendran. “The bacteria enter through small cuts in the skin. Fever or body aches after exposure to floodwater require immediate medical attention.”
Dr. Sindhu adds that dirty water can also transmit skin infections and typhoid. “Avoid wading through stagnant water and wash thoroughly afterward,” she says.
Dr. Aparna notes that acute gastroenteritis, hepatitis A, and typhoid are common after heavy rains. “Even small containers of stagnant water can become breeding grounds for dengue mosquitoes,” she says.
Preventive measures
Doctors emphasise simple steps at the household level. “Improve ventilation, fix leaks early, and clean damp corners regularly,” says Dr. Surendran. Communities, he adds, should ensure proper garbage disposal and drain maintenance to prevent mosquito breeding.
Dr. Sindhu highlights the need for civic upkeep and public participation. “Functional drainage, waste management, and awareness drives are essential,” she says.
According to Dr. Aparna, weatherproofing homes, storing away carpets, and keeping wooden furniture off damp walls can prevent mould and mildew. “Never store wet clothes indoors,” she adds.
Doctors add that when the sun briefly returns between downpours, it offers a valuable window to air out homes, dry damp corners, and take preventive steps before the next spell of rain.
Existing government programmes such as the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP), Swachh Bharat Mission, Jal Jeevan Mission, and Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) are designed to tackle vector-borne and waterborne infections. However, doctors point out that recurring post-monsoon outbreaks highlight the gaps in implementation and sustained monitoring.
“Timely desilting of drains, waste management, and continuous surveillance are crucial to prevent seasonal outbreaks,” says Dr. Sindhu. Dr. Surendran adds that coordination between local bodies and health departments can ensure early detection and quicker response to cases.
“Public health systems need to stay one step ahead of the weather,” says Dr. Madhumitha. “Consistent vector control drives and awareness campaigns, especially in vulnerable zones, must continue even after the rains end.”
Published – November 03, 2025 04:59 pm IST
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