Menopause usually happens between the ages of 47 and 50. It is confirmed after a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 months
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Menopause, often referred to as a woman’s “second spring,” is a natural and transformative phase in her life. It marks the end of menstrual cycles and fertility, but it also brings new opportunities for growth and self-discovery. Despite being universal, menopause is often misunderstood and shrouded in myths. By understanding its stages and symptoms, women can navigate this transition with confidence.
Menopause usually happens between the ages of 47 and 50. It is confirmed after a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 months. However, some women go through menopause earlier. If it happens before age 45, it is called early menopause, and if it occurs before age 40, it is referred to as premature menopause. Both of these conditions can have a significant impact on a woman’s life, so understanding and managing them is important.
Stages of menopause
Menopause technically begins with perimenopause – the transitional phase leading up to menopause – characterised by the ovaries gradually producing less estrogen. This results in symptoms such as irregular periods, hot flashes, sleep disturbances, and mood swings.
This is followed by menopause. During this stage, the ovaries stop releasing eggs and significantly reduce estrogen production. This stage is then followed by post-menopause, which refers to the years following menopause. While many menopausal symptoms may subside, the decline in estrogen increases the risk of health issues such as osteoporosis and heart disease
Common symptoms and management
Hot flashes and night sweats are common, causing sudden heat waves and sweating; sleep disturbances often follow, as night sweats disrupt rest. There are also emotional changes that can include increased irritability, anxiety, or depression. Vaginal dryness results from reduced estrogen, leading to discomfort and lastly, a slower metabolism can cause weight gain, particularly around the abdomen.
The key is to make lifestyle adjustments, starting with a balanced diet comprising fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, calcium, and vitamin D for bone health. The importance of regular exercise, including activities such as walking, yoga, or strength training to maintain weight and boost one’s mood cannot be overemphasised. Practicing meditation, deep breathing, or mindfulness to manage stress is also recommended.
Medical treatments
There are a few treatment possibilities. One possibility is Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) which relieves severe symptoms such hot flashes; but it should first be discussed with a gynaecologist. Non-hormonal options include medications like low-dose antidepressants that may help manage specific symptoms.
Menopause is a natural and inevitable part of a woman’s life journey. It is a time to prioritise self-care, explore new passions, and embrace the wisdom that comes with age. By breaking the silence around menopause and sharing knowledge, we can empower women to face this transition with strength and positivity.
(Dr. Anitha S. is senior consultant, obstetrics and gynaecology, Kauvery Hospital, Alwarpet. anithassusikar@gmail.com)
Published – March 06, 2025 05:03 pm IST
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